/**
 * This plugin is used to fix elements to the top of the page, if the element
 * would have been scrolled out of view, vertically; however, it does allow the
 * element to continue to move left or right with the horizontal scroll.
 * 
 * Given an option marginTop, the element will stop moving vertically upward
 * once the vertical scroll has reached the target position; but, the element
 * will still move horizontally as the page is scrolled left or right. Once the
 * page has been scrolled back down passed the target position, the element will
 * be restored to its original position on the page.
 * 
 * This plugin has been tested in Firefox 3/4, Google Chrome 10/11, Safari 5,
 * and Internet Explorer 8/9.
 */
(function($) {
    $.ScrollToFixed = function(el, options) {
        // To avoid scope issues, use 'base' instead of 'this' to reference this
        // class from internal events and functions.
        var base = this;

        // Access to jQuery and DOM versions of element.
        base.$el = $(el);
        base.el = el;

        // Add a reverse reference to the DOM object.
        base.$el.data("ScrollToFixed", base);

        // A flag so we know if the scroll has been reset.
        var isReset = false;

        // The element that was given to us to fix if scrolled above the top of
        // the page.
        var target = base.$el;

        // The offset top of the element when resetScroll was called. This is
        // used to determine if we have scrolled past the top of the element.
        var offsetTop = 0;

        // The offset left of the element when resetScroll was called. This is
        // used to move the element left or right relative to the horizontal
        // scroll.
        var offsetLeft = 0;
        var originalOffsetLeft = -1;
        
        // This last offset used to move the element horizontally. This is used
        // to determine if we need to move the element because we would not want
        // to do that for no reason.
        var lastOffsetLeft = -1;

        // This is the element used to fill the void left by the target element
        // when it goes fixed; otherwise, everything below it moves up the page.
        var spacer = null;

        // Capture the original offsets for the target element. This needs to be
        // called whenever the page size changes or when the page is first
        // scrolled. For some reason, calling this before the page is first
        // scrolled causes the element to become fixed too late.
        function resetScroll() {
            // Set the element to it original positioning.
            setUnfixed();

            // Reset the last offset used to determine if the page has moved
            // horizontally.
            lastOffsetLeft = -1;

            // Capture the offset top of the target element.
            offsetTop = target.offset().top;

            // Capture the offset left of the target element.
            offsetLeft = target.offset().left;
            if (originalOffsetLeft == -1) {
                orginalOffsetLeft = offsetLeft;
            }

            // Set that this has been called at least once.
            isReset = true;
            
            if (base.options.bottom != -1) {
                setFixed();
            }
        }

        // Returns whether the target element is fixed or not.
        function isFixed() {
            return target.css('position') == 'fixed';
        }

        // Returns whether the target element is absolute or not.
        function isAbsolute() {
            return target.css('position') == 'absolute';
        }

        function isUnfixed() {
            return !(isFixed() || isAbsolute());
        }

        // Sets the target element to fixed. Also, sets the spacer to fill the
        // void left by the target element.
        function setFixed() {
            // Only fix the target element and the spacer if we need to.
            if (!isFixed()) {
                // Set the spacer to fill the height and width of the target
                // element, then display it.
                spacer.css({
                    'display' : target.css('display'),
                    'width' : target.outerWidth(true),
                    'height' : target.outerHeight(true),
                    'float' : target.css('float')
                });

                // Set the target element to fixed and set its width so it does
                // not fill the rest of the page horizontally. Also, set its top
                // to the margin top specified in the options.
                target.css({
                    'width' : target.width(),
                    'position' : 'fixed',
                    'top' : base.options.bottom == -1?base.options.marginTop:'',
                    'bottom' : base.options.bottom == -1?'':base.options.bottom
                });
            }
        }

        // Sets the target element back to unfixed. Also, hides the spacer.
        function setUnfixed() {
            // Only unfix the target element and the spacer if we need to.
            if (!isUnfixed()) {
                lastOffsetLeft = -1;

                // Hide the spacer now that the target element will fill the
                // space.
                spacer.css('display', 'none');

                // Remove the style attributes that were added to the target.
                // This will reverse the target back to the its original style.
                target.css({
                    'width' : '',
                    'position' : '',
                    'left' : '',
                    'top' : ''
                });
            }
        }

        // Moves the target element left or right relative to the horizontal
        // scroll position.
        function setLeft(x) {
            // Only if the scroll is not what it was last time we did this.
            if (x != lastOffsetLeft) {
                // Move the target element horizontally relative to its original
                // horizontal position.
                target.css('left', offsetLeft - x);

                // Hold the last horizontal position set.
                lastOffsetLeft = x;
            }
        }

        // Checks to see if we need to do something based on new scroll position
        // of the page.
        function checkScroll() {
            // If resetScroll has not yet been called, call it. This only
            // happens once.
            if (!isReset) {
                resetScroll();
            }

            // Grab the current horizontal scroll position.
            var x = $(window).scrollLeft();

            // Grab the current vertical scroll position.
            var y = $(window).scrollTop();

            // If the vertical scroll position, plus the optional margin, would
            // put the target element at the specified limit, set the target
            // element to absolute.
            if (base.options.bottom == -1) {
                // If the vertical scroll position, plus the optional margin, would
                // put the target element at the specified limit, set the target
                // element to absolute.
                if (base.options.limit > 0 && y >= base.options.limit - base.options.marginTop) {
                    if (!isAbsolute()) {
                        postPosition();
                        if (base.options.preAbsolute) {
                            base.options.preAbsolute(target);
                        }

                        target.css({
                            'width' : target.width(),
                            'position' : 'absolute',
                            'top' : base.options.limit,
                            'left' : offsetLeft
                        });
                    }
                // If the vertical scroll position, plus the optional margin, would
                // put the target element above the top of the page, set the target
                // element to fixed.
                } else if (y >= offsetTop - base.options.marginTop) {
                    if (!isFixed()) {
                        postPosition();
                        if (base.options.preFixed) {
                            base.options.preFixed(target);
                        }

                        // Set the target element to fixed.
                        setFixed();
                        
                        // Reset the last offset left because we just went fixed.
                        lastOffsetLeft = -1;
                    }
                    // If the page has been scrolled horizontally as well, move the
                    // target element accordingly.
                    setLeft(x);
                } else {
                    // Set the target element to unfixed, placing it where it was
                    // before.
                    if (isFixed()) {
                        postPosition();
                        if (base.options.preUnfixed) {
                            base.options.preUnfixed(target);
                        }
                        setUnfixed();
                    }
                }
            } else {
                if (base.options.limit > 0) {
                    if (y + $(window).height() - target.outerHeight() >= base.options.limit - base.options.marginTop) {
                        if (isFixed()) {
                            postPosition();
                            if (base.options.preUnfixed) {
                                base.options.preUnfixed(target);
                            }
                            setUnfixed();
                        }
                    } else {
                        if (!isFixed()) {
                            postPosition();
                            if (base.options.preFixed) {
                                base.options.preFixed(target);
                            }
                            setFixed();
                        }
                        setLeft(x);
                    }
                } else {
                    setLeft(x);
                }
            }
        }

        function postPosition() {
            var position = target.css('position');
            
            if (position == 'absolute') {
                if (base.options.postAbsolute) {
                    base.options.postAbsolute(target);
                }
            } else if (position == 'fixed') {
                if (base.options.postFixed) {
                    base.options.postFixed(target);
                }
            } else {
                if (base.options.postUnfixed) {
                    base.options.postUnfixed(target);
                }
            }
        }
        
        // Initializes this plugin. Captures the options passed in, turns this
        // off for iOS, adds the spacer, and binds to the window scroll and
        // resize events.
        base.init = function() {
            // Capture the options for this plugin.
            base.options = $
                    .extend({}, $.ScrollToFixed.defaultOptions, options);

            // Turn off this functionality for iOS devices until we figure out
            // what to do with them, or until iOS5 comes out which is supposed
            // to support position:fixed.
            if (navigator.platform == 'iPad' || navigator.platform == 'iPhone'
                    || navigator.platform == "iPod") {

                return;
            }

            // Put the target element on top of everything that could be below
            // it. This reduces flicker when the target element is transitioning
            // to fixed.
            base.$el.css('z-index', base.options.zIndex);

            // Create a spacer element to fill the void left by the target
            // element when it goes fixed.
            spacer = $('<div/>');

            // Place the spacer right after the target element.
            base.$el.after(spacer);

            // Reset the target element offsets when the window is resized, then
            // check to see if we need to fix or unfix the target element.
            $(window).bind('resize', function(event) {
                resetScroll();
                checkScroll();
            });

            // When the window scrolls, check to see if we need to fix or unfix
            // the target element.
            $(window).bind('scroll', function(event) {
                checkScroll();
            });
            
            if (base.options.bottom != -1) {
                if (!isFixed()) {
                    postPosition();
                    if (base.options.preFixed) {
                        base.options.preFixed(target);
                    }
                    setFixed();
                }
            }
        };

        // Initialize the plugin.
        base.init();
    };

    // Sets the option defaults.
    $.ScrollToFixed.defaultOptions = {
        marginTop : 0,
        limit : 0,
        bottom : -1,
        zIndex : 1000
    };

    // Returns enhanced elements that will fix to the top of the page when the
    // page is scrolled.
    $.fn.scrollToFixed = function(options) {
        return this.each(function() {
            (new $.ScrollToFixed(this, options));
        });
    };
})(jQuery);